World Factbook
Uzbekistan
O'zbekiston Respublikasi
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Area
land
425,400 sq km
water
22,000 sq km
total
447,400 sq km
Climate
mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Terrain
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Land use
other
31.8% (2023 est.)
forest
8.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
58.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 9.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.)
Location
Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan
Coastline
0 km (doubly landlocked)
note: Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Elevation
lowest point
Sariqamish Kuli -12 m
highest point
Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m
Irrigated land
37,305 sq km (2022)
Map references
Asia
Land boundaries
total
6,893 km
border countries
Afghanistan 144 km; Kazakhstan 2,330 km; Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km; Tajikistan 1,312 km; Turkmenistan 1,793 km
Maritime claims
none (doubly landlocked)
Natural hazards
earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts
Geography - note
along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Natural resources
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Area - comparative
about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California
Geographic coordinates
41 00 N, 64 00 E
Population distribution
most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
Major lakes (area sq km)
fresh water lake(s)
Aral Sea (shared with Kazakhstan) - largely dried up
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
(Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river mouth (shared with Tajikistan [s], Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan) - 2,620 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth