World Factbook
Vietnam
Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam
Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)
Literacy
male
97.2% (2022 est.)
female
95.1% (2022 est.)
total population
96.1% (2022 est.)
Languages
Languages
Vietnamese (official); English (often as a second language); some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain-area languages (including Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
major-language sample(s)
Dữ kiện thế giới, là nguồn thông tin cơ bản không thể thiếu. (Vietnamese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Catholic 6.1%, Buddhist 5.8%, Protestant 1%, other 0.8%, none 86.3% (2019 est.)
note: most Vietnamese are culturally Buddhist
Sex ratio
at birth
1.1 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.12 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.02 male(s)/female
total population
1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.69 male(s)/female
Birth rate
14.58 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
5.81 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
32 years
total
33.5 years (2025 est.)
female
34.2 years
Population
male
53,597,784
total
106,688,169 (2025 est.)
female
53,090,385
Nationality
noun
Vietnamese (singular and plural)
adjective
Vietnamese
Tobacco use
male
43.1% (2025 est.)
total
22% (2025 est.)
female
2.1% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
39.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
23.2% (male 12,953,719/female 11,579,690)
15-64 years
68.5% (male 36,591,845/female 35,887,201)
65 years and over
8.3% (2024 est.) (male 3,563,611/female 5,182,909)
Ethnic groups
Kinh (Viet) 85.3%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.9%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.4%, Mong 1.4%, Nung 1.1%, other 5.5% (2019 est.)
note: 54 ethnic groups are recognized by the Vietnamese Government
Child marriage
men married by age 18
1.9% (2021)
women married by age 15
1.1% (2021)
women married by age 18
14.6% (2021)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
46.4 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
33.6 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
7.8 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
12.8 (2025 est.)
Physician density
1.11 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
4.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
10.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
2.6 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.01 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 97.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 98% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 2.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
15.4% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
14.4 deaths/1,000 live births
total
13.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
13.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
0.86% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.96 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
though it has one of the highest population densities in the world, the population is not evenly dispersed; clustering is heaviest along the South China Sea and Gulf of Tonkin, with the Mekong Delta (in the south) and the Red River Valley (in the north) having the largest concentrations of people
Life expectancy at birth
male
73.5 years
female
78.9 years
total population
76.1 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
48 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 90.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 94.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 9.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 5.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
3.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
3.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
9.321 million Ho Chi Minh City, 5.253 million HANOI (capital), 1.865 million Can Tho, 1.423 million Hai Phong, 1.221 million Da Nang, 1.111 million Bien Hoa (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
2.1% (2016)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
72.8% (2021 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
9.7% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
15 years (2022 est.)
total
14 years (2022 est.)
female
14 years (2022 est.)