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Zimbabwe

Republic of Zimbabwe

Last updated: 2026-03-28 (today)

Budget

revenues

$17 million (2018 est.)

expenditures

$23 million (2018 est.)

Exports

note

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports 2021

$6.575 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$7.453 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$7.603 billion (2023 est.)

Imports

note

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports 2021

$8.104 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$9.569 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$10.293 billion (2023 est.)

Industries

mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages

Labor force

6.386 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Public debt

Public debt 2016

69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Remittances

note

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Remittances 2021

9.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

9.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

9.4% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange rates

note

note: ongoing hyperinflation rendered Zimbabwean dollar essentially worthless; introduction of Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG) as new currency effective April 2024

Currency

Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

51.329 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

88.552 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

374.954 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

3,509.172 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

3,266.332 (2024 est.)

Debt - external

note

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Debt - external 2023

$6.671 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

low income Sub-Saharan economy; political instability and endemic corruption have prevented reforms and stalled debt restructuring; new Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG) currency latest effort to combat ongoing hyperinflation; reliant on natural resource extraction, agriculture and remittances

Unemployment rate

note

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Unemployment rate 2022

10.1% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

8.8% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

8.6% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

UAE 45%, China 18%, South Africa 15%, Mozambique 4%, Hong Kong 2% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Imports - partners

South Africa 37%, China 15%, Bahamas, The 5%, Singapore 5%, UAE 4% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Real GDP per capita

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP per capita 2022

$3,300 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$3,400 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$3,500 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

note

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP growth rate 2022

6.1% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

5.3% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

2% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

sugarcane, beef, maize, cabbages, potatoes, tomatoes, milk, onions, bananas, wheat (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Exports - commodities

gold, tobacco, nickel, minerals, diamonds (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, fertilizers, trucks, soybean oil, stone processing machines (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Current account balance

note

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Current account balance 2021

$348.215 million (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

$304.966 million (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

$133.877 million (2023 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

7.2% (of GDP) (2018 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

GDP (official exchange rate)

$44.188 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

household consumption

91.5% (2024 est.)

government consumption

12.5% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

0.9% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

3.6% (2024 est.)

exports of goods and services

22.1% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-30.6% (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

38.3% (2019 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

note

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020

557.2% (2020 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021

98.5% (2021 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

104.7% (2022 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

2.7% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

note

note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$53.399 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$56.249 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$57.391 billion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

12.9% (2024 est.)

note

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

total

14% (2024 est.)

female

15.4% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

note

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$598.622 million (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$115.53 million (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$484.973 million (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

note

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

industry

31.8% (2024 est.)

services

55.8% (2024 est.)

agriculture

5.4% (2024 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

note

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

lowest 10%

2.5% (2017 est.)

highest 10%

34.8% (2017 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

note

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020

50.3 (2020 est.)